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SHACL Validation

This example demonstrates data validation using SHACL (Shapes Constraint Language). Define shapes that describe valid data, and Fluree will reject transactions that violate those constraints.

What is SHACL?​

SHACL is a W3C standard for describing data shapes. It allows you to:

  • Require properties: A Person must have an email
  • Constrain values: Age must be between 0 and 150
  • Validate patterns: Email must match a regex
  • Enforce cardinality: Exactly one given name
  • Check types: Customer must be a Person

Example Shape​


{
"id": "ex:PersonShape",
"type": "sh:NodeShape",
"sh:targetClass": { "id": "ex:Person" },
"sh:property": [
{
"sh:path": { "id": "schema:email" },
"sh:minCount": 1,
"sh:pattern": "^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$"
}
]
}

info

SHACL validation happens at transaction time—invalid data is rejected before it enters the ledger.